The Impact Of Sexual Harassment On The Workplace - 2906 Words

The Impact of Sexual Harassment Sexual harassment affects the way we work, impacts the way we conduct ourselves in the place of business. Sexual harassment comes in many shapes and forms, and has lingering effects. While the majority has only been noticed in a business setting, sexual harassment occurs in every type of job. Many noted cases have influenced the workforce; and the way we operate together. Policies to deter this action have failed in-order to dissolve such actions. Sexual harassment occurs in every work environment, influences employees, and the work environment, and needs to have policies that are more stringent. In this paper, I will discuss and prove that the lingering effects of sexual harassment can have a negative impact for many years in the workplace. The presence of sexual harassment has become more and more prevalent due to the impact of women joining the workforce. Women are expanding into every aspect of the workforce and are no longer only in the administrative, and hospitality areas, the y are on construction sites, on the front lines alongside men in the military, and down in the coalmines. The Baby Boomer generation where the women stayed home and took care of the family are over and the Gen X has taken over. This Gen X movement has created an influx of women in the workplace in every type of job that is possible, where men are women are, if a man can do it a woman can also. This growing amount of numbers for women in the workplace has createdShow MoreRelatedSexual Harassment And The Workplace1349 Words   |  6 PagesSexual harassment affects the way we work, impacts the way we conduct ourselves in the place of business. Sexual harassment comes in many shapes and forms, and has lingering effects. While only being noticed in the workplace, sexual harassment occurs in every type of job. Many noted cases have influenced the workforce; and the way we operate together. Policies to deter this action have failed in-order to completely dissolve such actions. Sexual hara ssment occurs in every work environment, influencesRead MoreIntroduction. The Purpose Of This Article Is To Provide1362 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The purpose of this article is to provide a concise summary of what sexual harassment is, discussing who it affects, and its prevalence in organisations using evidence and examples. A range of views will be provided to describe how sexual harassment affects organizations and employees. This article will examine the primary alternative interventions aimed at resolving for sexual harassment in the workplace. The alternatives are all considered to be preventions, rather than reactions toRead MoreSexual Harassment : How Does It Differ From Bullying?891 Words   |  4 Pages1. What is sexual harassment? How does it differ from bullying? Sexual harassment is an unwanted attention that is sexual in nature. It can be a one-time occurrence or a result of repeated behaviour. In addition, harassment is viewed from the victim’s perspective and what the perceiver or affected individual would feel in the exact same situation. Workplace bullying on the other hand can be defined as an act or verbal behavior that is persistent and continuous, with intent to mentally hurt or isolateRead MoreSexual Harassment Within The Workplace1567 Words   |  7 PagesSexual harassment is a continuing, persistent occupational health problem in corporations and work environments. There can be extensive, negative consequences for individual victims and the corporations involved. Assailants and harassers can impact and hurt victims by affecting both their professional work lives and personal lives. The purpose of this paper is to heighten awareness and sensitivity to this important issue, recognizing that institutions, clinics, corporations, organizations and office-basedRead MoreSexual Harassment At The Workplace Essay1371 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years, there has been an increase in the attention given to sexual harassment at the work place. Unnecessary and unwanted sexual attention between women and men in the workp lace has been there for a very long time in the past. For many years, this unwanted sexual attention has been categorized as a natural form of male/female interaction. However, this has changed as women have become more involved in organizations. Thoughts and feelings about the acceptability of this behavior are rapidlyRead MoreSexual Harassment1405 Words   |  6 PagesSexual harassment Sexual harassment in a healthcare workplace is a very important topic to discuss even though it is often swept under the rug. Even with all law, literature and discussions on sexual harassment, people still remain confused about what exactly constitutes sexual harassment. Therefore knowing what sexual harassment entails and looks like is a crucial step in the prevention of it from taking place. Sexual harassment is a form of gender discrimination; it can therefore be definedRead MoreSexual Harassment At The Workplace990 Words   |  4 PagesIt is great to have a workplace where you are friends with your coworkers. But what happens when coworkers talk about other coworkers in a sexual context. Two male coworkers talking about female staff where coworkers in the area can hear. Your manager suggests that they can help you earn a promotion if you go out with them. This puts employees in awkward situations where they might not know if this is considered sexual harassment. If it is , an employee maybe unsure what to do about it. AccordingRead MoreWorkplace Harassment : 7 Tips Women752 Words   |  4 PagesWorkplace harassment: 7 Tips Women Can Use to Address Sexual Harassment Matters of workplace harassment has been a controversial issue as it is one of the most sensitive areas of effective workplace management. Workplace harassment is the belittling or threatening behavior directed at an individual worker or a group of workers. Workplace harassment is also known as mobbing, workplace bullying, workplace mistreatment, workplace aggression and workplace abuse. A prominent form of workplace harassmentRead MoreSexual Harassment At The Workplace1697 Words   |  7 PagesSexual Harassment in the Workplace Eva L. Mendez-Zacher MG260, Business Law I 28 September 2014 Dr. Anita Whitby Abstract I’m conducting a study on Sexual harassment in the workplace. Sexual harassment is possible in all social and economic classes, ethnic groups, jobs and places in the community. Through this study I hope to clarify the common misconception that sexual harassment is an isolated female problem. Although the majority of the cases reported are in fact male on femaleRead MoreThe Human Rights Code1228 Words   |  5 PagesFacts This is an application filed under s. 34 of the Human Rights Code, R.S.O. 1990, c. H. 191 alleging discrimination in the workplace environment due to sex, including sexual harassment as a factor. In September of 2010, the respondent was working as a doctor’s assistant at a clinic in Toronto, where the applicant worked as a secretary. The applicant, upon the respondent’s request, stayed after work hours for training regarding re-ordering medicine. During this time, the respondent asked if he

A Critical Assessment of the Eclectic Theory Free Essays

INTRODUCTION It is true of everything that the first steps ate both the most important and the most difficult. To begin with, theorization consists of a set of definitions of concepts. The basic concepts underlying the eclectic theory of the multinational enterprise (MNE)(1) are currently being criticized by the internalization theorists(2) in that the ‘ownership advantage’ is ‘double counting,’ that is, the internalization and location factors are necessary and sufficient to explain the existence and growth of the MNE. We will write a custom essay sample on A Critical Assessment of the Eclectic Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now The controversy seems to require a thorough examination of the concept of the ‘ownership advantage’. However, the examination should extend further afield. Our objective in this paper is to assess critically the three basic concepts in the eclectic theory, i. e. , the ‘ownership advantage,’ the ‘internalization advantage,’ and the ‘location advantage’ and to suggest the beginnings of an alternative framework to deal with the MNE and FDI (i. e. , foreign direct investment). REDUNDANCY OF THE ‘OWNERSHIP ADVANTAGE’ Some Features of the Electic Theory First of all, we must set up the target of our examination. The eclectic theory, Mark I, as advocated by Dunning is as follows [Dunning 1981:79]: 1. It (i. e. , the firm) possesses net ownership advantages vis-a-vis firms of other nationalities in serving particular markets. These ownership advantages largely take the form of the possession of intangible assets, that are, at least for a period of time, exclusive or specific to the firm possessing them. . Assuming condition 1 is satisfied, it must be more beneficial to the enterprise possessing these advantages to use them itself rather than to sell or lease them to foreign firms, that is, for it to internalize its advantages through an extension of its own activities rather than externalize them through licensing and similar contracts with independent firms. 3. Assuming conditions 1 and 2 are satisfied, it must be profitable for the enterprise to utilize these advantages in conjunction with at least some factor inputs (including natural resources) outside its home country; otherwise foreign markets would be served entirely by exports and domestic markets by domestic production. Four features of the eclectic theory should be noted here, as far as they are concerned with our argument. Firstly, needless to say, the concept of the advantage is a relative concept; i. e. advantage of a firm vis-a-vis the others tautologically means their disadvantage vis-a-vis the firm. The advantage is understood from the viewpoint of economic competitiveness and profitability, and thus it takes the form of an economic asset whether tangible or intangible. Thus, the asset value is measured by capitalizing the stream of expected future earnings by means of the rate of return. Secondly, the concept of internalization is interpreted as internalization of an ‘ ownership advantage’ rather than that of an imperfect market. 3) Thirdly, the existence per se of the ‘ownership advantage’ has nothing to do with the internalization; thus, the ‘ownership advantage’ is logically independent of the ‘internalization advantage. ‘ Finally, the ‘ownership advantage’ is logically independent of the ‘location advantage;’ thus, the ‘ownership advantage’ can be measured without referring to location factors. (4) The Logic of the Internalization Theory Let us focus on the second and third features and compare them with the basic logic of the internalization theory. The distinctive feature of the internalization theory is its recognition that the firm is an economic institution, the objective of which is to maximize profit (i. e. , super-normal profit in the Marshallian sense) in the world of market imperfections. The firm attempts to maximize its revenue and minimize its cost s: the firm maximizes its organizational benefits after remunerating all the factors of production, RD, marketing, and management. Firstly, if arm’s-length markets are inefficient and incur huge transaction costs, the firm would replace them with its unified ownership and control (i. e. , the internal quasi-market)(6) and minimize its internalization costs;(7) i. e. , the internalization of markets. Secondly, if no market exists for external economies defined to be private costs minus social costs), the firm would bring them under common ownership and control and prevent them from leaking outside; i. e. , the internalization of externalities. 8) Thirdly, if internal economies defined to be private benefits and, at the same time, social benefits) are expected after totally eliminating markets, whether internal or external, the firm would not only internalize the markets but also reorganize and rationalize the activities under the common ownership and control; i. e. , integration under internalization. (9,10) Market imperfections may exist in final-product markets as well as in intermediate-product markets of physical products (i. e. components and semi-finished products) and intellectual products (i. e. , knowledge or information). final-product markets, however imperfect they are, the firms cannot internalize markets since, needless to say, consumers are independent of producers and merchants. They can only acquire super-normal profit by manipulating their market power. Note that although some academics misunderstood,(11) there is no guarantee that the internalization increases efficiency and social welfare in both intermediate- and final-product markets. On the contrary, it is quite possible that the internalization by the MNE creates imperfect competition or monopolistic (monopsonistic) situations and thus increases social costs by means of restricting the output of high-tech goods, building up an entry barrier by vertical and/or horizontal integration, effective collusion, etc. It is also quite possible that the integration takes part in restricting competition and more than offsets its positive benefits in social welfare. (12,13) In relation to social costs, we should pay some attention to a new concept, perceived transaction costs. Transaction costs can be classified into three categories; i. e. , those inherent in commodity transactions per se,(14) those inherent in oligopolistic or imperfect competition, and those originating from government regulations. (15) Oligopolistic or imperfect competition places competitors in a situation of uncertainty in respect of potential transaction costs as a result of arrn’s-length trans actions. Concerns about the dissipation of valuable information may well inflate the value of subjectively perceived transaction costs to the extent of virtually prohibiting arm’s-length transactions. Uncertainty in oligopolistic or imperfect competition creates self-inflating feature to the ‘perceived transaction costs’. Certain ’embedded social relations’ modify pure economic rationality(16) and affect the choice of internalization. Furthermore, bounded and creeping rationality of the management makes the strategy (i. e. , choosing between internalization, integration, and arm’s-length transactions) fairly rigid once it has been decided upon. 17) Internalization, in these circumstances, may be perceived as private-cost minimization, but not as social-cost minimization. 18 Another important feature of the internalization theory is that it expounds interrelations between production, RD, marketing, and management. (19) The internalization of the markets and externalities of these activities and their integration generate the advantages of the firm over the others. The firm may exercise its market power when it internalizes and integrates them, so a s †¦ How to cite A Critical Assessment of the Eclectic Theory, Papers

Analysis of oppression in Woman at Point Zero free essay sample

How is oppression generalised in Al Saadawi? s Woman at Point Zero Firdaus? story begins in a grimy Cairo prison cell, where she welcomes her death sentence after a life of pain and suffering. Born to a low-class Egyptian family in the countryside, she suffers from a childhood of cruelty and disregard. Her passion of education is ignored by her family (symbolized by the Secondary School Certificate), and when she leaves school she is forced to marry a man much older than her, as it is tradition in their culture. Following her escapes from violent relationships, she finally meets Sharifa, who tells her that â€Å"a man does not know a woman? s value†¦the higher you price yourself, the more he will realize what you are really worth†, which leads her to a life of prostitution. Unfortunately, Firdaus kills a man which was manipulating her, and is forced to death sentence, which accepts with no regression as pain and suffering have accompanied her through life: â€Å"All the men I did get to know, every single man of them, have filled me with but one desire: to lift my hand and bring it smashing down to his face. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of oppression in Woman at Point Zero or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But because I am a woman I have never had the courage to lift my hand. And because I am a prostitute I hid my fear under layers of make-up†. Social oppression appears when someone from a higher class uses his social power over someone of a lower class. For example, â€Å"On a cold night I told her (the servant girl) to come and sleep with me in bed, but when my uncle’s wife entered the room and saw us, she beat her. Then she beat me also. † In this case, El Saadawi uses this as an example of social oppression as the uncle’s wife believes she has a higher status than the servant girl. She does not want Firdaus to be on her level, and she is able to empower the servant girl because of her low social standing. Another major example of social oppression in the novel is when a Police man approaches Firdaus: â€Å"you’re a prostitute, and it is my duty to arrest you, and other of your kind. To clean up the country, and protect respectable families from the likes of you†. In this case, El Saadawi applies the symbol of patriarchy and working status (as women in Egypt still do not have the same rights over jobs) to show to the reader the highest level of social female oppre ssion that one can find in Egypt. Talking about working status, El Saadawi also uses social oppression in association with politicians: â€Å"(politicians) draw a feeling of supremacy of their power over other†. Along the novel El Saadawi uses social oppression to express the theme of social class and to proof that social class plays a major role in the Arab world, as well of the rest of the world. Gender oppression is when one gender abuses other gender, either physically or psychologically. Unfortunately, Firdaus experiences from both types of abuse, and the damage of oppression makes her despise men. The author uses feminism as a form of oppression to develop the theme that women are sexist to the men as the way they are being treated by men. The first time this theme of sexism appears is â€Å"the picture of a man – she spits on it†. Firdaus has been treated badly by men, and carrying so much hatred towards men, has now made a new personality of sexism against men. El Saadawi further demonstrates the sexism of men when Firdaus discovers that all male rulers have the same things in common, having â€Å"an avaricious and di sported personality†. Also, sexism is also developed towards women to create the theme that men mistreated women in all forms of society: upper, middle and lower classes; showing how a male child has more value than his sister, as when one of Firdaus’ sisters died, her father would act â€Å"just like he did every night†. Continuing more inside the novel, the bosses at her new job oppress their lower employees by taking advantage of the women: the women in the office, in order not to be â€Å"discriminated against or transferred† feel they must give their bodies to the men in charge. The last form of oppression in the novel is cultural oppression. Because in Firdaus’ culture women are less respected, El Saadawi? s last symbol of oppression appears Firdaus feels that she cannot leave due to the pressure from her culture (this is where the metaphor of the prison comes from). In every house Firdaus lives in that is not her own, she experiences oppression. For example, with her husband she doesn’t have the opportunity to stop him as he â€Å"beats her whether he had a reason for it or not†. Again, the concept of female violence reappears. She feels as though she cannot leave as she has nowhere else to go and it is her duty as an obedient wife: â€Å"locking her in the flat before going out. When Firdaus gets beated, she goes to her uncle’s wife, and explains her that that is quite normal among husbands. Because of their culture, Firdaus believes as a wife, her â€Å"duty was perfect obedience†, as it is what it is expected from her. Because of this expectation from those around her, Firdaus believes she is in no place to stand up to her husband’s oppression. She learns the expectation of her culture from her mother when Firdaus father would â€Å"beat his wife, then have his supper and lie down†. Because of the oppression the protagonist faces throughout her whole life, her anger towards men now controls her, forcing her to kill a man. This lends to the theme El Saadawi develops of the experiences a person has in life shape the person they become. She shows how oppression traumatizes Firdaus as everything in the world is â€Å"less frightening than the vision of those two eyes, which send a cold shiver† entirely through Firdaus’s body.